Kathakali & Mohiniyattam: Classical Dance Forms of Kerala

Kerala, known for its rich culture, is home to several traditional art forms. Among these, Kathakali and Mohiniyattam are two of the most popular classical dance forms. These dances are not just performances; they are powerful stories told through music, dance, and expressions. Both have deep roots in Kerala’s culture and have gained international fame.

Kathakali: The Art of Storytelling Through Dance

Kathakali is one of the oldest and most complex classical dance forms in India. It began in Kerala in the 17th century and has evolved into an art that combines dance, music, and drama. The name “Kathakali” comes from two words: “Katha” (story) and “Kali” (performance). So, Kathakali means “performance of a story.”

History and Evolution of Kathakali

Kathakali grew from an earlier dance-drama form called Krishnaattam, which focused on stories from Hindu epics. Over time, it became more elaborate and formal, especially during the reign of the Maharaja of Kottayam. Originally, it was performed by men in both male and female roles, but it gradually developed into its current form.

Kathakali often tells stories from the Mahabharata, Ramayana, and other Hindu epics. The performances are dramatic, with actors wearing heavy costumes, large headpieces, and elaborate face paint. Green makeup is used for divine characters, red for demons, and black for evil figures. A typical Kathakali performance can last for hours, showing detailed and dramatic storytelling.

Performance of Kathakali

The performance of Kathakali involves mudras (hand gestures), abhinaya (facial expressions), and nritya (dance). The dance is accompanied by Sopanam music, along with drums like Chenda and Maddalam. The makeup and costumes are key to the performance, helping to tell the story and identify each character.

Kathakali performers train in Kalari Payattu, a traditional martial art, to develop the strength and agility needed for the dance. The performance has three main elements: Nritta (pure dance), Nritya (expressive dance), and Natya (theatrical acting). The dancers use hand gestures and facial expressions to convey emotions and tell the story.

Key Features of Kathakali

• Costumes and Makeup: The costumes are colorful and heavy, and the makeup is symbolic.
• Face Paint: The makeup colors represent different character types, like green for gods and red for demons.
• Gesture Language: Kathakali uses a complex system of hand gestures called mudras to tell the story.
• Facial Expressions: Performers use facial expressions to communicate emotions and actions.

Mohiniyattam: The Dance of the Enchantress

Mohiniyattam is a graceful and slow classical dance form that showcases feminine beauty and charm. The name “Mohiniyattam” comes from the word “Mohini” (the enchantress) and “Attam” (dance), meaning “dance of the enchantress.” The dance represents the divine charm of Mohini, an avatar of Lord Vishnu.

History and Evolution of Mohiniyattam

Mohiniyattam has its roots in the 16th century and was traditionally performed by women in Kerala. Initially, it was mostly a temple dance. Over time, it became a popular classical dance form, especially in the 20th century, when Guru Mynaviyamma and Vallathol Narayana Menon revived and redefined the style.

The dance form is known for its soft, graceful movements and its focus on storytelling through emotions, often expressing devotion and love. The themes of Mohiniyattam are based on divine stories, especially the tales of Lord Vishnu’s avatar, Mohini.

Training Offered at Kerala Kalamandalam:

Kerala Kalamandalam in Thrissur is one of the most renowned institutions for learning traditional Kerala art forms, including Kathakali and Mohiniyattam. Established in 1930, Kerala Kalamandalam is a cultural hub for classical arts, and it offers comprehensive training in various performing arts, including dance, music, drama, and more.

1. Kathakali: The institution provides intensive training in Kathakali, focusing on all its key elements, including Abhinaya (facial expressions), Mudras (hand gestures), footwork, and character portrayal. Students also learn to perform with live music and accompany themselves with the chenda (drum) and other instruments.
2. Mohiniyattam: Kerala Kalamandalam is a leading institution to learn Mohiniyattam, focusing on grace, expression, and storytelling through dance. The training includes learning fluid movements, traditional hand gestures, and facial expressions while being accompanied by classical Carnatic music.

How the Training Works:

• Full-time and Part-time Courses: They offer both degree and diploma courses in these art forms, with full-time, residential programs for in-depth study, as well as shorter-term part-time courses for beginners and enthusiasts.
• Experienced Gurus: The classes are taught by seasoned masters (gurus) of these dance forms who provide individual attention and mentorship.
• Annual Performances: Students are also encouraged to participate in annual performances and festivals, showcasing their learning.